A groundbreaking study by scientists at the University of Cyprus and the University of Oxford has uncovered a new cellular mechanism that could lead to innovative treatments for cancer and rare genetic diseases, it was reported on Thursday.

The research, published in Science Advances, reveals a previously unknown function of the ATR protein, which is widely known for its role in DNA damage repair. The study found that ATR also plays a crucial role in strengthening the cell nucleus and protecting it from external mechanical forces.

According to a statement from the University of Cyprus, this discovery could pave the way for new therapies to treat diseases related to the fragility of the cell nucleus, including certain cancers and rare genetic diseases.

Dr. Maria Hadjifrangeskou, the lead author of the study, emphasized the potential clinical significance of the results.

" Our work reveals an important cellular mechanism that could form the basis for new treatments for diseases in which the cell nucleus is particularly vulnerable ," she said.

While ATR is known for its role in DNA repair, the study shows that it has another, equally important function. The researchers found that ATR is translocated to the nuclear envelope, where it activates a mechanism that promotes the formation of a protective protein network called nuclear actin. This internal support structure is important for strengthening the nucleus and protecting it from external stress, especially in tissues that are subjected to constant mechanical forces, such as the lungs, heart and muscles .

The far-reaching medical implications of this discovery are significant. Nuclear instability is a hallmark of several diseases, including muscular dystrophies, progeria (a rare disorder that causes premature aging), and aggressive cancers. When cells lack robust mechanisms to protect the nucleus, they become more vulnerable to damage that can exacerbate these diseases.

Leading researchers at the University of Cyprus believe that targeting ATR could open up new therapeutic opportunities. In cancer patients, improved nuclear resilience may help prevent metastases and thus potentially improve survival rates. In addition, regulating nuclear actin dynamics could advance gene therapy and offer new solutions for diseases characterized by nuclear fragility.

"Our findings change the way we perceive ATR. Beyond its known role in DNA repair, it appears to be crucial for protecting the cell nucleus from external influences. This knowledge could open up new ways to treat diseases in which the integrity of the cell nucleus is compromised," explained Dr. Hadjifrangeskou.

According to the University of Cyprus, this study comes at a time when scientists are increasingly focusing on the mechanical forces acting on cells and their impact on human health. From heart disease to neurodegenerative diseases, the response of cells to mechanical stress plays a crucial role in the development and progression of many diseases. The discovery of ATR's role in nuclear protection adds a new dimension to the understanding of these mechanisms.







Source: CyprusMail.com
Author: Charalambos Stylianou